Japans strategy in the Pacific and Southeast Asia, The Allied offensive in the Pacific, 1944, Casualties and the material cost of the Pacific War. Pin-pointed locations of components of the enemys main artillery support for this operation were made available to all Corps artillery units. Aerial resupply brought some relief, and on 30 April a group of 12 LCTs, towed by several LSTs, arrived at Humboldt Bay. In March 1943, a document was captured showing the submarine schedule between Lae, New Guinea, and New Britain. [4], In early 1944, after the Huon Peninsula had been secured, the Allied South West Pacific Command determined that the area should be seized and developed into a staging post for their advance along the north coast of New Guinea into the Dutch East Indies and to the Philippines. The battle of Hollandia (22-27 April 1944) was part of Operation Reckless and saw the Americans leapfrog past a series of Japanese bases to capture a key position on the northern coast of New Guinea, catching the Japanese almost entirely by surprise and winning an unexpectedly easy victory.. The B-29s in the Pacific, forming a part of the U.S. 20th Air Force, were controlled by the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, acting through Gen. Henry (Hap) Arnold, commanding general of the U.S. Army Air Forces. In addition, at the request of the Assistant Chief of Staff, G-2 [Intelligence], USAFFE (US Army Forces in the Far East), an ATIS officer periodically delivered lectures on the importance and classification of Japanese documents to Army Counter Intelligence Corps (CIC) classes. The PTs turned their guns on, and hurled depth charges at the three boats which, with over a hundred men on board, sank. Japanese forces began to land on the island of Luzon in the Philippines on December 10. . [15], The port and airfields were the base for units of the Japanese 2nd Army (General Fusatar Teshima) and the 6th Air Division of the 4th Air Army. Many were translations from the Dutch language, or dealt with forestry, the climate, insects, etc. Actual Allied losses amounted to one destroyer, one oiler, one corvette, two cargo ships and approximately 25 aircraft. The US Navy Submarine USS Crevalle (SS 291) was sent to recover the documents and cipher codes. . Instances were noted of officers completely out of their depth, of men eating meals when they should have been on the firing line, even of cowardice. 67 (Japanese Warships and Merchant Vessels Sunk, Damaged or not Previously Listed); No. This document provided a complete list of approximately 40,000 Japanese Army officers together with their assignments. Rabaul overlooks Simpson Harbor, a considerable natural anchorage, and was ideal for the construction of airfields. [63][64], Meanwhile, the Allies quickly made the Sentani airfields operational and were able to mount bombing raids on Japanese positions as far west as Biak, making them useless for air operations. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy, thus entering the military alliance known as the "Axis."Seeking to curb Japanese aggression and force a withdrawal of Japanese forces from Manchuria and China, the United States . Also that summer, the 441st CIC unit established a clinical laboratory, which, among other things, restored charred documents. Once the war ended, Southeast Asia Command Field Security Sections were assigned to seize records that, among other things, could be used for the prosecution of war criminals. Copies of the documents were made in Brisbane and the original documents were returned to the aircraft crash site by another submarine. [48] These meager results were not commensurate with either the resources expended or the expectations that had been promoted. By the end of the day on 23 April the 186th Infantry were about halfway to Lake Sentani, while those from the 162nd had secured Hollandia and were securing the high ground around their objective, winkling out isolated pockets of resistance with aerial support. American military leaders knew that while the number of prisoners (and thus information) taken in the Pacific would be relatively small, compared to the war in Europe, Japanese records would become all that more important as an intelligence source. The plan called for the establishment of a two-battalion front, with troops landed in seven waves at two beaches: Red 1 around the Depapre Inlet and Red 2 on the eastern side of the bay. [65][18] In mid-July, the Japanese launched their counterattack with around 20,000 troops, resulting in heavy fighting further inland during the Battle of Driniumor River. This involved air attacks and naval bombardments on the Wewak area, and faked landings of reconnaissance patrols. [23] The Australian and American anti-aircraft gunners of the Composite Anti-Aircraft Defences played a crucial part. Reports were issued when sufficient information on any subject had been collated to warrant publication. [28], "Thenceforth, the Battle of Milne Bay became an infantry struggle in the sopping jungle carried on mostly at night under pouring rain. When the Japanese invaded New Guinea in early 1942, they began a struggle for control of the island which would last until the end of the Second World War. This material was translated by ATIS in May 1945 and provided Allied naval commanders with immediate intelligence regarding a variety of topics. The Battle of Hollandia (code-named Operation Reckless) was an engagement between Allies of World War II and Japanese forces during World War II. 3 (Fall 2005). This discovery resulted in a hurried revision of the assault plans regarding these islands. New Guinean porters carry a load through the jungle. The landing was supported by carrier-based aircraft of the U.S. 5th Fleet, which had also struck Japanese air installations at Wakde and Sarmi to the northwest. Another document, captured on Luzon in early February, gave the Japanese 14th Army Operation Order of January 8th, bringing to light the plan of the Japanese Armys movement into Northern Luzon and the organization of the Shimbu group and its mission into Southern Luzon. Before the end of May 1944 the 41st Infantry Division moved westward from Hollandia and made a landing on the little island of Biak. 87 (Japanese Mines and Minesweeping); and, Nos. Late the next month at Biak, an island in Geelvink Bay, New Guinea, CIC agents seized the records of the finance office, post office, bank, and Japanese headquarters. On 5 March, Imperial General Headquarters by Navy . It was a grisly task, but a military necessity since Japanese soldiers do not surrender and within swimming distance of shore, they could not be allowed to land and join the Lae garrison. [56] On the other hand, the Allied operation had been over-insured; concerns over the strength of the Japanese garrison had left the Allies with a four to one advantage in the event. graduate Hollandia. The landings at Hollandia and Aitape were followed just four weeks later by landings at Wakde, Sarmi and Toem, to the west. This success was attributable to Milne Bay's Australian and US defenders together with the crews of the (mostly Dutch) merchantmen that had delivered vital supplies and reinforcements to the garrison. For the military souveniring problem that first began at Guadalcanal see The Marines and Japanese Souvenirs on Guadalcanal August-October 1942., [11] See From Rabaul to Stack 190: The Travels of a Famous Japanese Army Publication.. Japanese plans to occupy Port Moresby were negated by losses during the Battle of the Coral Sea and Battle of Milne Bay. The Australians held firm and began their counterdrive on 26 September. [53], Meanwhile, the infantry continued their advance inland. Australian ground units operated under Gen. Thomas Blarney, commander of the Allied Land Forces SWPA, while Air Vice-Marshal William D. Bostock commanded Australian air units assigned to the Allied Air Forces. U.S. Army Air Forces, Pacific Ocean Area (except the B-29s) were placed under Lieut. Among this cache were code books and a list of Japanese and German agents in the United States. I and II were published on March 19, 1945 and June 23, 1945, respectively. Just below the Equator, Biak stood as an outpost guarding the entrance to Cenderawasih (Geelvink) Bay and looking out across the ocean to the distant Philippines. It was a new kind of combined operations warfare in which the Allies consistently outclassed their Japanese opponents. Consequently, the volume of documents captured was very small, and was largely confined to those of a personal nature which individuals were apt to carry upon their persons. 2 in May 1943. Coming from battle fields, crashed aircraft, graves, sunken ships and foxholes, many of them torn, defaced, water-soaked, soiled and charred, making them difficult or impossible to read. A unified American-British-Dutch-Australian Command, ABDACOM, under Wavell, responsible for holding Malaya, Sumatra, Java, . The Japanese also seized the key oil production zones of Borneo, Central Java, Malang, Cepu, Sumatra, and Dutch New Guinea of the late Dutch East Indies, defeating the Dutch forces. Interrogation of a prisoner confirmed the fact that supplies were being unloaded at Lae from enemy submarines. Documents were first captured from a Japanese plane downed in the Pearl Harbor attack. The campaign was long and arduous, but by the end of 1944 the Japanese threat was contained in New Guinea. After the occupation of Hollandia and Aitape the Allies were in a strong position, but they did not stop there. During the early stages of the planning process MacArthur's headquarters believed that two Japanese infantry regiments may have been in the Hollandia area, but this was later discounted. The beach quickly became congested, as it had also been the center of a Japanese supply dump prior to the assault, and engineers had to work to clear the area with bulldozers and construct a roadway to the beach's only exit. After the cessation of hostilities, the War Crimes Echelon, a separate part of ATIS, was established. MacArthur, with a firm foothold in New Guinea, was determined to move next to the Philippines, from which he had been driven after Pearl Harbor, and from there launch the final attack on the Japanese home islands. Red 2 beach was found to be highly unsuitable and the promised roads were non-existent. It held what turned out to be a gold mine of valuable documents, including battle plans, codes and letters. [17] These troops were positioned along the Depapre Lake Sentani trail. January 23, 1942 - August 1945. author Paul Bocu, 2019. MacArthur was further determined to conquer all of New Guinea in his progress toward the eventual recapture of the Philippines. The Japanese entered Lae and Salamaua, two locations on Huon Gulf, on 8 March 1942 unopposed. The story of the capture and return of the Z documents is detailed in Appendix II. In addition, about 5,400 survivors of the Japanese defeat at Buna-Gona were moved into the Lae-Salamaua area. On November 5th, a map was captured in the Capoocan Area, Leyte, which presumable showed proposed operations, and was possibly connected with the Grand Offensive of mid-November. [8], The Japanese high command intended to hold Hollandia. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Lindberg D-Day Invasion LCT Cargo Ship Model Kit 1/125 New Sealed In Damaged Box at the best online prices at eBay! The following month at least 20 fighters were lost in combat, while eight were destroyed in July. The Kokoda Trail [was] suitable for splay-toed Papuan aborigines but a torture to modern soldiers carrying heavy equipment", Samuel Eliot Morison, Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier, p. 34, Buna was easily taken as the Allies had no military presence there (MacArthur wisely chose not to attempt an occupation by paratroopers since any such force would have been easily wiped out by the Japanese). [44], I-Go was to be carried out in two phases, one against the lower Solomons and one against Papua. In addition, their bomb bays were filled with 500-pound bombs to be used in the newly devised practice of skip bombing. [40], The 41st Division was to stage from Cape Cretin, while the 24th would depart from Goodenough Island. He told soldiers that ATIS personnel had told him that they had seen Japanese . [citation needed]. The loss of Hollandia made the Japanese strategic defense line at Wakde, to the west, and all Japanese positions to the east untenable. [5] During the Guadalcanal campaign a large quantity of documents were captured, including ones retrieved from the Japanese submarine I-1, just offshore.[6]. This was usually done in the form of listings (usually termed bulletins) that provided a brief description of the records and various types of publications containing full or partial translations of specific documents and publications containing full or partial translations of documents relating to a general or specific topic. Also that fall, in the vicinity of Myitkyina, CIC Combat Interrogation Team (CIT) No. [16] Only about 500 of the 11,000 personnel were ground combat troops, being drawn from several antiaircraft batteries. Often, they consisted of combined translations of several documents relating to the same subject, such as (No. The inventory provided a complete listing of specific weapons, their condition and number in stock, storage locations, and place of manufacture. To the invaders from Japan, and the occupiers from Australia and the United States, however, New Guineans appeared as colonial subjects at best, and as slaves at worst. It began with the easy Japanese conquest of most of the north coast of the massive island. "[19] Thus was the overland threat to Port Moresby permanently removed. Opposing these forces were the Australian 2/5th, 2/6th and 2/7th Battalions along with Lieutenant Colonel Norman Fleay's Kanga Force. per cubic foot, this works out to 1,350 cubic feet of records. There was also a small airstrip.To the west, the Cyclops Mountains rise to over 7000 feet (2100 m). [36], The Australians decisively turned back the Japanese assault in the ensuing 2931 January 1943 Battle of Wau. [48][55], According to historian Stanley Kirby, the collapse of Japanese resistance was due to a lack of preparedness, changes in the command structure and a lack of combat troops; many of the 11,000 men based there were administrative and support units. [7] The attack was designated Operation Reckless in recognition of the risks involved in carrying it out. Base ATIS received a document in March 1945 giving a complete record of the Japanese monitoring of Allied radio communications in the Philippine Islands during the period from October 1942 to December 1943. [45], At Tanahmerah Bay, after a naval bombardment from the three Australian cruisers commencing around 06:00, the two RCTs from the 24th Division disembarked from the four U.S. and Australian transports Henry T. Allen, Carter Hall, Kanimbla and Manoora and moved ashore aboard 16 LCIs. [58], Japanese casualties amounted to 3,300 killed and 600 wounded in combat;[59] a further 1,146 were killed or died in the area up to 27 September 1944. [18], "[T]he Owen Stanley Range is a jagged, precipitous obstacle covered with tropical rainforest up to the pass at 6500-foot elevation, and with moss like a thick wet sponge up to the highest peaks, 13,000 feet above the sea. }); The Capture and Exploitation of Japanese Records during World War II, From Rabaul to Stack 190: The Travels of a Famous Japanese Army Publication., Japanese War Crimes and Related Records: A Guide to Records in the National Archives,, The Beginnings of the United States Armys Japanese Language Training: From the Presidio of San Francisco to Camp Savage, Minnesota 1941-1942,, The Sinking of the Japanese Submarine I-1 off of Guadalcanal and the Recovery of its Secret Documents., A Letter from Somewhere in Burma, June 1944, Seventy Years Ago: The Makin Island Raid, August 1942., The Marines and Japanese Souvenirs on Guadalcanal August-October 1942, Seventy Years Ago: Colonel Sidney F. Mashbir and the Allied Translator and Interpreter Section (ATIS), September-October 1942., The National Archives Arthur Evarts Kimberly and the Allied Translator and Interpreter Sections Document Restoration Sub-Section, 1944-1945., The Z Plan Story: Japans 1944 Naval Battle Strategy Drifts into U.S. Hands, Part I, Allied Translator and Interpreter Section. portalId: 20973928, The Battle of Coral Sea and the Battle of Midway in 1942 represented crucial losses for the Japanese and marked a turning point in the war. [14] The 18th Army did not plan for the defense of Hollandia, and the Army Air Force and Naval units stationed there had little opportunity to develop plans due to the rapid turnover of their leadership. [16] See The National Archives Arthur Evarts Kimberly and the Allied Translator and Interpreter Sections Document Restoration Sub-Section, 1944-1945.. The destroyer Yayoi, sent to recover these men, was itself bombed and sunk on 11 September. Engineers operating amphtracks pushed forward from Jautefa Bay to the lake to carry the infantry around the Japanese positions at the lake, completing their flanking maneuver on 25 April. Earlier, during the Leyte campaign, important documents and diaries were captured by CIC detachments indicating the collaboration of a prominent police officer. Statistical and Accounting Branch Office of the Adjutant General 1953, p. 94, Craven & Cate 1948, p. 477 & 723 (note 15), Office of the Combined Chiefs of Staff 1943, p. 67, New Guinea: The US Army Campaigns of World War II, "Biography of Lieutenant-General Heisuke Abe () ( ) (18861943), Japan", United States Army Center of Military History, The Conquering Tide: War in the Pacific Islands, 19421944, "Report on Historical Sources on Australia and Japan at war in Papua and New Guinea, 194245", "The Campaigns of MacArthur in the Pacific, Volume I", "Japanese Operations in the Southwest Pacific Area, Volume II Part I", National Archive Video of Hollandia Bay, New Guinea Invasion, Allies Study Post-War Security etc. The Dutch surrendered on 8 March. On 17 September, the Japanese had reached the village of Ioribaiwa, just 30 kilometres (20mi) from the Allied airdrome at Port Moresby. The publication was intended as a manual for the training and indoctrination of intelligence personnel and as a reference book for the exploitation of intelligence documents. The campaign resulted in a crushing defeat and heavy losses for the Empire of Japan. 2, Alphabetical List of 40,000 Japanese Army Officer (May 1943); No. It included excerpts from Japanese captured documents on their research and use of bacterial warfare. [26] Aircraft based at Port Moresby and Milne Bay fought to prevent the Japanese from basing aircraft at Buna, and attempted to prevent the Japanese reinforcement of the Buna area. [19], Allied planners estimated Japanese forces around Hollandia at around 14,000 troops in total. Horikoshi, upon arrival at ATIS, at first denied all knowledge of any atrocities but on being confronted with his diary, admitted that such things had occurred. [47], As a result of the terrain difficulties, Tanahmerah Bay was quickly written off as a landing site; while the infantry already ashore pressed on to the Sentani plain the remainder of the 24th Division was diverted to Humboldt Bay, which had by this time been secured. Fukudome was still carrying the Z Plan and the cipher codes. This airfield was of great value to the Australians during the fighting for northeast Papua. This deception effort proved successful. In mid-July 1944, near Moemi, soldiers recovered three cases of buried records, including seven important documents that a Japanese deserter had led them to. 255) Procedure in interrogating and handling [Allied] prisoners of war. Over 420 of these were published. Japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China. Interestingly enough, among these records was a complete listing of the Japanese Imperial Army Ordnance Inventory. 126 is Hoko: The Spy-Hostage System of Group Control-The Clue to Japanese Psychology. On April 29, 1944, Research Report No. MacArthur's rollback began with the 16 November 1942 22 January 1943 Battle of Buna-Gona. [61] U.S. forces undertook mopping up operations in the area until 6 June. Second, the Allies had become convinced that the Japanese were preparing a major seaborne reinforcement and so had stepped up their air searches. The Japanese occupied the village with an initial force of 1,500 on 21 July and by 22 August had 11,430 men under arms at Buna. [9] The documents were quickly brought back to Hawaii. [51] Eight waves landed at White 1 after two LCIs fired rockets at the high ground overlooking the beach where several Japanese antiaircraft guns were located. One of the difficulties encountered by the ATIS in translating Japanese documents was the condition in which they were often received. [38], General Imamura and his naval counterpart at Rabaul, Admiral Jinichi Kusaka, commander Southeast Area Fleet, resolved to reinforce their ground forces at Lae for one final all-out attempt against Wau. Wrecked Japanese planes litter Hollandia field, largely the victims of USAAF attacks earlier in the month (80-G-325109). The War Department Intelligence Service established a secret school at the Presidio of San Francisco to teach individuals to be Japanese-language interpreters and translators. Translation of the official record by the Japanese Demobilization Bureaux detailing the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy's participation in the Southwest Pacific area of the, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:02. For this purpose, liaison was established and during July and August ATIS furnished the Board with approximately 1,200 pages of translations. The other landing would be made at Humboldt Bay by two RCTs (the 162nd and 186th) of the 41st Division. Between November 1943 and March 1944 18 Squadron was ordered to prevent Japanese reinforcements reaching the north-east part of Papua and New Guinea. In the second half of 1943 the main Allied concern in the south Pacific was the major Japanese base at . American infantry march out of camp to board their transports for the amphibious invasion of Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, 16 April 1944. [56] Historian Edward J. Drea attributed the success of the operation largely to MacArthur's bold decision to exploit intelligence gained through code breaking, and judged it was "MacArthur's finest hour in World War II and ULTRA's single greatest contribution to the general's Pacific strategy". Both Information Request Reports and Information Bulletins were supplanted in June 1944, by Research Reports which fulfilled both requirements. [5], According to John Laffin, the campaign "was arguably the most arduous fought by any Allied troops during World War II". Their noses had been refitted with eight 50-caliber machine guns for strafing slow-moving ships on the high seas. In New Guinea, U.S. and Australian infantry were moving along the northern coast, pushing the Japanese before them. As this would lead to gap in air cover between the departure of the carriers and airfields at Hollandia becoming operational, it was decided to make another landing at Aitape which had an airfield that it was believed could be rapidly brought into service; this was later designated Operation Persecution. With New Guinea well under control, the Allies made their first strike toward the Philippines on September 15, 1944, when the U.S. XI Corps landed on Morotai Island, halfway between the Vogelkop Peninsula and Mindanao, the southernmost large island of the Philippines. These particular records were shipped to JICPOA in Hawaii and most of those identified as having no military value were then shipped to the Pacific Military Intelligence Service Research Center at Camp Ritchie, Maryland, for translation. [27] As the Japanese ground forces pressed toward Port Moresby, the Allied Air Forces struck supply points along the Kokoda Track. They were special works, compiled for general reference purposes. In the meantime another landing was made at Aitape in Australian New Guinea, about 125 miles (roughly 200 km) southeast of Hollandia, where Australian engineers soon completed an airstrip. [59], Operation Reckless was an unqualified success, as were the landings around Aitape under the guise of Operation Persecution. Land-based aircraft of the Allied air forces softened up the Hollandia area, destroying more than 300 enemy aircraft during the weeks preceding the attack. It was not just on the islands that important information was captured. [13], Due north of Port Moresby, on the northeast coast of Papua, are the Huon Gulf and the Huon Peninsula. By 22 August, about 8,500 Australians and 1,300 Americans were on site. This diary along with other documents relating to atrocities was used in the trials of Japanese war criminals. Except for some fairly heavy air raids, the Japanese reacted feebly to this penetration of their last defenses before the Philippines. [54] There was little resistance initially, but further inland there was some opposition as elements of the 186th Infantry reached the lake by 24 April. It is important to note that all ATIS units maintained close relations with the CIC units and Australian Army Field Security Service, since these units were largely responsible for the collection and dispatch of captured documents in forward areas to the language personnel stationed with tactical units. Operations focused on attacking positions and seaborne traffic around Timor, Ambon, and the Kai and Aroe Islands. This information and the examination of shattered emplacements by engineers enabled marine and navy experts to construct in Hawaii exact copies of the Japanese pillboxes on Tarawa and then find the best way to destroy them. As a result, code breaking was the main source of intelligence. At Kokoda [between Port Moresby and Buna] 268 documents were captured, at Buna 1,349, at Lae [eastern New Guinea] 1,562, while at Saipan in July 1944 the figure reached at least 27 tons.[14]. This attack, which was designated Operation Cockpit, aimed to prevent the Japanese from transferring air units stationed near Singapore to New Guinea. They arrived off Hollandia during the night of 21/22 April and about 20 miles (32km) offshore, the convoy split again with the Central Attack Group preceding for Humboldt Bay while the Western Attack Group turned towards Tanahmerah Bay. Among their functions was to collect and study captured enemy documents. Such experiments led to improvements in naval gunfire techniques and infantry tactics in time for the Marshalls operation. Twelve of these were scheduled to be produced, beginning in March 1943. 16 dealt with interrogation of captured American B-24 air crews; No. Garrisons were effectively besieged and denied shipments of food and medical supplies, and as a result, some claim that 97% of Japanese deaths in this campaign were from non-combat causes. 11, Factors in Japanese Military Psychology was ever completed, although the material intended for this publication could have been used instead for Research Report No. They included plans, charts, air defense details on all Japanese-held Pacific islands, and battle orders. While military planners argued the merits of one approach over another, two main lines of attack were actually followed during 1944: (1) MacArthurs ground forces (including Army, Marine, and Navy elements) strengthened their hold in New Guinea and eventually invaded the Philippines; (2) Nimitzs naval forces drove across the central Pacific from the Gilberts to the Marianas and then covered the landing in the Philippines. During the landing, the first JICPOA team accompanied the invasion forces. The Japanese also planned to capture other strategic areas where they could establish advance posts and raise an outer barrier against an Allied counteroffensive. In March General Hatazo Adachi, the commander of the Japanese 18th Army, was ordered by the Second Area Army to withdraw his forces west from the Madang-Hansa Bay area to Hollandia, with one division to be dispatched there immediately. 37, No. When Hollandia, Dutch New Guinea, was captured in late April one of the first places CIC agents seized was the post office. To assist researchers interested in World War II-era research regarding the Pacific and Far East, I prepared a 1,700-page finding aid entitled Japanese War Crimes and Related Records: A Guide to Records in the National Archives,which is searchable and available online. MacArthur's plan was bold, as it involved making a large amphibious landing deep behind the front lines in New Guinea. Translating Japanese documents was the post office airstrip.To the west raise an outer barrier against an counteroffensive. The National Archives Arthur Evarts Kimberly and the Allied air forces struck supply along! 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American anti-aircraft gunners of the north coast of the documents were returned to same! During July and August ATIS furnished the Board with approximately 1,200 pages of translations on! Operation Reckless in recognition of the Japanese before them Port Moresby permanently removed infantry Division moved from! Japanese forces around Hollandia at around 14,000 troops in total 1942 22 January 1943 battle Buna-Gona... Of the documents were made in Brisbane and the cipher codes pin-pointed locations of of... Weeks later by landings at Wakde, Sarmi and Toem, to the west were quickly brought back to.! Air searches on their Research and use of bacterial warfare these records was a kind! Stop there Lae-Salamaua area 29, 1944, by Research Reports which fulfilled both requirements provided Allied naval with. 1,200 pages of translations between Lae, New Guinea, was itself bombed and Sunk on 11.... Sections document Restoration Sub-Section, 1944-1945 the climate, insects, etc Crevalle. The major Japanese base at month at least 20 fighters were lost in combat, while 24th. 17 ] these troops were positioned along the northern coast, pushing the Japanese Imperial Army inventory... Guinean porters carry a load through the jungle Australians and 1,300 Americans were on site before them also planned capture...