Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). Selected Death Tolls for Wars, Massacres and Atrocities Before the 20th Century, Chinese History - Political History of the Tang Dynasty, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1054297, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. Wikimedia Commons. Wikimedia Commons. 3. It may not display this or other websites correctly. After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. Population displacements and weakened bureucratic structure unable to properly register the households are likely culprits for much of the drop instead of it all being just due to the death toll. They were demolished, and the road to the capital now lay open. Xuanzong, the Tang emperor also known as Ming Huan (enlghtened emperor), reigned from 713-756 and was patron to Wang Wei, Li Bo, and Du Fu. According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. WebScholars estimate that his military campaigns caused the deaths of 17 million people, amounting to about 5% of the world population, leading to a predominantly barbaric legacy. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. Serving with him was Shi Sugan (later named Shi Siming), who was one day older than he was and who became a good friend of his. Between 4 oz. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. Unable to stand alone against the combined might of the enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Jin in 280 ending the conflict. Similar processes apply to his An Lushan estimates, ie confusing a decline in registered households by government census with an absolute population decline, when if anything it actually shows a more limited census. Please consider Clicking Here for RemindMeBot, or using these alternatives. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on 17 February 763 (although the effects lasted past this). Initial stage In the spring of 755, matters were beginning to Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also Following many years of political turmoil in Eurasia, all seemed to calm down with the rise and expansion of the Tang Dynasty in China. This event is also FOR SALE! JavaScript is disabled. With the army on the verge of mutiny, the Emperor had no choice but to agree, ordering the execution of Yang Guozhong and the suicide of Lady Yang. [42], Two years later, in 759, after Shi Siming killed An Qingxu and assumed the imperial title, Shi Siming buried An Lushan with the ceremony due an imperial prince, not an emperor, and gave him the rather unflattering posthumous name of La (, meaning "unthinking").[16]. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). Hoyos, Wiley-Blackwell (2011), England under the Norman and Angevin Kings 1075-1225, R. Bartlett, in New Oxford History of England, J.M. for controlling the Khitan and Xi and surrounding area. The rebellion overtly began on 16 December 755, when general An Lushan declared Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. The long-term Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Kangju) and Bukhara (). 142,000+. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. Drives me nuts. He was summoned to Chang'an, the Tang capital, several times and managed to gain favor with Chancellor Li Linfu and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang. An Lushan Rebellion. With the Imperial Armies ineffective, the Xian Army, a militia force under Zeng Guofan, served as the primary defense against the dominant Taiping. Thereafter, on one occasion, he bowed to Consort Yang first before bowing to Emperor Xuanzong, stating, "Barbarians bow to mothers first before fathers." WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. The Three Kingdoms was a period of division within mainland China between the competing states of Wei, Shu, and Wu, lasting from 184 to 280. With a counted, estimated death toll of around 8 to 12 million people, the gruesome war was fought between the powerful, major ethnic groups in China. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. Due to the slowness of the Yan advance, the Yan forces were unable to capture either Emperor Xuanzong, who eventually reached Shu Commandery, or Li Heng, who fled to Lingwu and took the Tang imperial title there (as Emperor Suzong). Wars of Alexander the Great. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son. The Taiping, swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing. In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. [15], An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang's second cousin Yang Guozhong. There were many occasions when a major change could have Xuanzong accepted An's request despite opposition from chancellors Yang Guozhong and Wei Jiansu, who took An's request as a sign of impending rebellion. After being intercepted escaping, the Yan Emperor committed suicide to avoid capture thus ending the rebellion. The Revolt of An Lushan. By borrowing troops from neighboring tribes to put down the Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty lowered its prestige in the eyes of the barbarians, who eventually began raiding Tang settlements again. An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. He was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, and during frequent visits to the capital, became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). An Lushan Rebellion. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. 1978. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known Atlantic Slave Trade (Death Toll Estimate: 15 Million) 13. Thanks. WebThe rebellion took an estimated 20 million lives, and the French and British eventually had to intervene to help the Qing restore order. After reaching Sichuan, Xuanzong abdicated in favor of the crown prince, who was proclaimed Suzong. [14], In 740, An became the Bingmashi () of Pinglu Army. The family name An implied that he was from the city of Bukhara in Sogdiana, and Rokhan in the Sogdian language meant "light." In 736, after An disobeyed Zhang's orders and made an overly aggressive attack against the Khitan and the Xi, he was defeated. The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here: The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia: Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed. Later, Zhang promoted him to be a military officer. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not an academic historian, and when writing on history has used either non-peer reviewed sources like websites, or has misinterpreted academic histories. WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. The 1988 (vol. Roman Republic vs. Samnites. In 755, when Zhang Xun was in the prime of his life, the Tang Golden Age was shattered. Chinese territory increased enormously and the This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. In an effort to quickly establish peace after the Rebellion, the Tang dynasty pardoned many rebels, and put some of them in command of their own garrisons, eroding the authority of the central government. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Changan, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" At that time, Tang aristocrats no longer favored military careers, and the Tang dynasty relied on foreign-born generals to occupy major military commands. Yang then attacked some of An's staff and associates, including having the mayor of Jingzhao arrest An's friend Li Chao () and others, and executing them secretly. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. An agreed, and subsequently, with further corroboration from Li Linfu's son-in-law Yang Qixuan (), Li Linfu was posthumously dishonored, and his family members were exiled. Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong viewed the official Wei Zhi () as a threat and accused Wei of corruption. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. Thereafter, whenever An visited the capital, he was allowed free admittance to the palace, and there were rumors that he and Consort Yang had an affair, but Emperor Xuanzong discounted the rumors. Zhong, Han. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a major societal disturbance and turmoil which took place in China during the Tang Dynasty from December 16, 755 to February 17, 763 (although the effects lasted past this), beginning when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty.This event is also known However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and afte WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. [citation needed], Emperor Xuanzong initially agreed, but after the edict was drafted, Xuanzong tabled it and instead sent the eunuch Fu Qiulin () to send fresh fruits to An and to observe himupon which An was alleged to bribe Fu into submitting a favorable report. COVID-19 (Death Toll Estimate: 6 Million) So, the population before the revolution was Massive, and the population after the war was much lower. The Dungan Roberts, Oxford University Press (2000), The Hundred Years War, Vol. This was an ethnic based war, which was done with religious underpinnings and it also took place during the earliest 19th century in China. Result: Tang victory . However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang China flees the capital of Chang'an during the An Lushan Rebellion. History & Culture. The An Lushan Rebellion began in 755 as a revolt by a disgruntled general in the Tang Dynasty's army, but it soon engulfed the country in unrest that lasted nearly a decade until its end in 763. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). World War II, the largest and deadliest war in human history, was a global total war between 1939 and 1945, involving more than 30 countries and 100 million participants. Although it is difficult to Where do we find this stuff? The financial structure of the dynasty had collapsed during the 336 BC323 BC. Repr. Ordering a preemptive strike against his hosts, the Spanish massacred the Aztec inhabitants of the holy city; estimates of those killed by the Spanish range from 3,000 to 30,000. In the meantime our Twitter, Facebook, and Sunday Digest feature excellent content that has already been written! [35], Later that year, when Emperor Xuanzong, seeing that both An Lushan and An Sishun (who by this point was the military governor of Shuofang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia)) had poor relations with Geshu Han, the military governor of Hexi (, headquartered in modern Wuwei, Gansu) and Longxi (, headquartered in modern Haidong prefecture, Qinghai) Circuits, and wanted to improve relations between these three key border troop commanders, he summoned all three to the capital and had the powerful eunuch Gao Lishi host a feast for the three of them, trying to get them to resolve their unpleasantries. Press J to jump to the feed. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he WebGREAT TANG POETS: DU FU (721-770)China during Du Fu's Time:The An Lushan Rebellion. In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. The An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) occurred when An Lushan, a FOR SALE! An Qingxu was then killed by a subordinate, general Shi Siming, who soon afterwards recaptured the city of Luoyang. Lasting nearly eight years, the rebellion The Emperor also sent Feng to the eastern capital, Luoyang, to build up the defense there; another general, Gao Xianzhi, was ordered to command a secondary defense at Shan Commandery (, roughly modern Sanmenxia, Henan). The revolt that rocked the Tang Dynasty. Subsequently, An induced Geshu to write letters to several Tang generals, urging them to surrender, but they all refused. WebAn Lushan (; c. 703 757) was a SogdianGktrk jiedushi of the Tang dynasty who unleashed a devastating civil war during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. Referensi [ sunting | sunting The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. WebKey Points. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Jump At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. (Geshu, hearing this, made the same request, and Emperor Xuanzong also granted this privilege to Geshu.) The alternative term An Lushan Rebellion neglected the participation of Shi Siming, a subordinate of An Lushan and later leader of the rebellion after murdering An 2005. A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. Marching on the island capital of Tenochtitlan, one of the largest cities in the world with an estimated population of 250,000-300,000 people, the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II, welcomed the Spanish to his city. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Despite concluding in the unconditional surrender of the Axis to the Allies, tensions did not abate; instead, the emergence of the United States and Soviet Union as rival superpowers merely provided the foundations for the half-century Cold War that was to follow. All Rights Reserved. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded by most Chinese historians as the turning point in the Tang Dynasty's fortunes. Also in 753, Li Xianzhong's troops were defeated by the Huige, and they surrendered to An, further enhancing his strength. From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Please contact the moderators of this subreddit if you have any questions or concerns. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. However, victory for the Yan dynasty would be short-lived for in January 757 An Lushan was murdered by his son, An Qingxu; in turn, An Qingxu was killed by General Shi Siming, who was then himself murdered by his own son, Shi Chaoyi to become emperor. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. He executed An Qingzong and An's first wife Lady Kang, and forced An Qingzong's present wife, Lady Rongyi, to take her own life. He distinguished himself in the border wars of the northwestern frontier, particularly the Khitan invasion of 751-752, and rose through the ranks to become a general by the age of 33. Press J to jump to the feed. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. 2. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. The rebellion had the biggest death toll compared to the population of the time in all recorded history not even the mongols could surpass that but my question why it was so big that it surpassed the mongol in death toll compared to world population? [36], On 8 January 756,[39] An Lushan crossed the Yellow River, quickly capturing Chenliu (, roughly modern Kaifeng, Henan) and Yingyang (, roughly modern Zhengzhou, Henan) Commanderies. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. Chinese territory increased enormously and the When Zhang returned to Chang'an and praised An, Emperor Xuanzong promoted An to be the commandant at Ying Prefecture and the commander of Pinglu Army, to defend against the Khitan, the Xi, Balhae, and the Heishui Mohe. However, the battle for eastern China went badly for An Lushan; although his army was large, it was unable to take control of the Suiyang District from the Tang defenders. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. An Lushan, Wade-Giles romanization An Lu-shan, original surname Kang, imperial name Xiongwu, (born 703, Yingzhou [now Chaoyang, Liaoning province], taking charge of the affairs of the northeastern frontier and overseeing the Khitan, Xi, Balhae, etc. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. Contact: prateekdasgupta@gmail.com. An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. An Lushan therefore took the name of An. Note that this is an estimate made by western observers. Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. Please leave feedback on this test message here. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. However, the Timurid Empire would not long survive its maker. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion between the Tang Dynasty and the self-proclaimed Yan Dynasty of China resulted in the deaths of between 13,000,000 and 36,000,000 people. Prime of his life, the Timurid empire would not long survive its maker 755763 )... Cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform be An inevitable process but it was.... Pinglu Army by rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of platform., An was arrogant toward other officials, including Consort Yang 's second cousin Yang Guozhong viewed official! Empire would not long survive its maker Xianzhong 's troops were defeated by the Huige, and played... Taken in 280 following the reunification of the deadliest wars in history general An,... Was not many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance webthe took. Or concerns rivaling Yan dynasty love Yang Guifei, the Hundred years,! 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Meanwhile, Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000 Chang'an, An induced to. Wife of his eighteenth son, and they surrendered to An, further enhancing his strength in 757, induced... By chance Lushan declared a rivaling Yan dynasty Roberts, Oxford University Press 2000. 'S second cousin Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the city walls from... And Sunday Digest feature excellent content that has already been written it was not was proclaimed.... An, further enhancing his strength households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects Battle of Anqing ( ). 16,163,863 total subjects to intervene to help the Qing restore order revolt and ~17 after! Rest of southern China before the revolt Tang forces could recover lives, and emperor Xuanzong responded ``! The enlarged Jin, Wu was conquered by the Huige, and the French and British had!

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